Geography Study Materials and Hand-outs

A particular place or position. "the property is set in a convenient location" In geography, location or place are used to denote a region (point, line, or area) on Earth’s surface or elsewhere. The term location generally implies a higher degree of certainty than place, the latter often indicating an entity with an ambiguous boundary, relying mor  on human or social attributes of place identity and sense of place than on geometry. location is the place where a particular point or object exists. Location is an important term in geography, and is usually considered more precise than "place." A locality is a human settlement: city, town, village, or even archaeological site. A place's absolute location is its exact place on Earth, often given in terms of latitude and longitude. For example, the Empire State Building is located at 40.7 degrees north (latitude), 74 degrees west (longitude). It sits at the intersection of 33rd Street and Fifth Avenue in New York City

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Definition of Human Geography The study of the patterns and dynamics of human activity on the landscape. Broadly conceived, human geography includes both those areas of geographic study that are more narrowly focused on human activity, and those that are particularly concerned with human-environment dynamics, or the nature–society tradition (W. Moseley et al., 2007) ‘That part of the discipline of geography concerned with the spatial differentiation and organization of human activity and its interrelationships with the physical environment’ (R. J. Johnston et al., 2000). Human geography is concerned with the distribution and networks of people and cultures on Earth’s surface.  A human geographer might investigate the local, regional, and global impact of rising economic powers China and India, which represent 37 percent of the world’s people. They also might look at how consumers in China and India adjust to new technology and markets, and how markets respond to such a huge consumer ba

In much of remote sensing,  the process  involves an interaction between incident radiation and the targets of interest. This is exemplified by the use of imaging systems where the following seven elements are involved. Note, however that remote sensing also involves the sensing of emitted energy and the use of non-imaging sensors.   1. Energy Source or Illumination (A)  - the first requirement for remote sensing is to have an energy source which illuminates or provides electromagnetic energy to the target of interest. 2. Radiation and the Atmosphere (B)  - as the energy travels from its source to the target, it will come in contact with and interact with the atmosphere it passes through. This interaction may take place a second time as the energy travels from the target to the sensor. 3. Interaction with the Target (C)  - once the energy makes its way to the target through the atmosphere, it interacts with the target depending on the properties of both the target and the radiation

Definition of remote sensing Remote sensing is the  science of obtaining information  about objects or areas from a distance, typically from aircraft or satellites. Remote sensing  is the science of obtaining the physical properties of an area without being there.It allows users to capture, visualize, and analyze objects and features on the Earth’s surface. Remote that means something which is not exactly in contact or physical contact, Sensing means getting information, data something like temperature, pressure, photograph, etc. Remote sensing is the process of acquiring information, detecting, analyzing, monitoring the physical characteristics of an area by recording it is reflected and emitted radiation energy without having any physical contact with the object under study. This is done by capturing the reflected radiation/energy. "Remote sensing is the science (and to some extent, art) of acquiring information about the Earth's surface without actually being in contact w

GIS Mapping GIS mapping produces visualizations of geospatial information. The 4 main ideas of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) are: Creating GIS data or geographic data Database Creation and management of geo-spatial data Analysis of GIS data Presentation or visualization of analyzed data Because viewing and analyzing data on maps impacts our understanding of data, we can make better decisions using GIS. It helps us understand  what  is  where . The analysis becomes simple. Answers become clear. Source: https://gisgeography.com/

  Terminology/Basic Questions  Related To GIS What is GIS Shapefile & Grids Vector & Raster DEM & TIN Coordinate Systems Classification of Coordinate Systems Other File Formats Raster or Vector ? DEM or TIN ? Other Basic Questions 1.1. GIS GIS      A  geographic   information   system  (GIS),  also  known  as  a geographical  information   system, is an information  system  for capturing, storing, analyzing, managing and presenting data  which are spatially referenced (linked to location) 1.2.Shape file & Grids Coverage   : In geographic  information  systems, a coverage  is a mapping of  one  aspect  of  data   in  space.  It  represents  a  "domain"  (the  universe  of extent)  in  terms  of   characteristics  expressing  a  range  of  values.  Aerial photography,   land  cover  data,  and   digital  elevation  models  are  all considered  coverage  data. Below are two types of coverage   which are used in GIS for representation of informat