Geography Study Materials and Hand-outs

https://gisjunkie.wordpress.com/2018/02/25/bangladesh-transverse-marketor/ The formula for Mercator's  projection  is  T(ϕ, θ)=(θ, ln(|sec(ϕ) + tan(ϕ)|)) . Of course, there are a huge number of  map projection https://drive.google.com/file/d/1EgCt8fyhDBip4t8Xwawwp2hdbKbu7A4Q/view?usp=sharing https://epsg.io/transform#s_srs=9678&t_srs=4326&ops=9679&x=NaN&y=NaN https://www.marksmath.org/classes/common/MapProjection.pdf https://epsg.io/9678

A projected coordinate system has a flat, 2D surface with constant lengths, angles, and areas across the two dimensions. Which makes it easier to calculate properties like the area, and distance of an object in a map. UTM (Universal Transverse Mercator) is a widely used projected coordinate system that divides the Earth into sixty zones, each in a six-degree interval. As Bangladesh lies between UTM Zone 45N and 46N, FAP19 has adopted a Transverse Mercator projection for Bangladesh. PaThe parametersf this projection are: SL. No NAME BANGLADESH TRANSVERSE MERCATOR (BTM) 1 Projection Transverse Mercator 2 False Easting 500000 3 False Northing -2000000 4 Central Meridian 90 5 Scale Factor 0.9996 6 Latitude Of Origin 0 7 Linear Unit Meter (1.0)

  Title: Converting Geographic Coordinate Systems to Mercator Projection System: An Overview Introduction: Geographic Coordinate Systems (GCS) and Projection Systems play a vital role in representing and visualizing spatial data. Converting geographic coordinate systems to specific map projections is essential for accurate spatial analysis and mapping. In this blog post, we will explore the process of converting geographic coordinate systems to the Mercator Projection System, a widely used cylindrical projection. We will delve into the principles, steps, and considerations involved in this conversion. Understanding Geographic Coordinate Systems and the Mercator Projection: Geographic Coordinate Systems (GCS): Definition and components of a GCS: latitude and longitude coordinates. Use of angular measurements (degrees, minutes, seconds) to specify locations on the Earth's surface. Examples of common GCS, such as WGS84 (World Geodetic System 1984) and NAD83 (North American Datum 1983)

  The UTM Grid and Transverse Mercator Projection Source: https://www.e-education.psu.edu/natureofgeoinfo/c2_p22.html t Figure 2.22.1 A Mercator projection of the world, showing the 60 UTM coordinate system zones, each divided into north and south halves at the equator. Also shown are two polar coordinate systems used to specify positions beyond the northern and southern limits of the UTM system. The Universal Transverse Mercator system is not really universal, but it does cover nearly the entire Earth surface. Only polar areas--latitudes higher than 84° North and 80° South--are excluded. (Polar coordinate systems are used to specify positions beyond these latitudes.) The UTM system divides the remainder of the Earth's surface into 60 zones, each spanning 6° of longitude. These are numbered west to east from 1 to 60, starting at 180° West longitude (roughly coincident with the International Date Line). The illustration above (Figure 2.22.1) depicts UTM zones as if they were uniform

  To conduct road network analysis using GIS software and visualize it graphically, you can follow the following procedure: Data Preparation: Gather road network data, including road segments, intersections, and related attributes (e.g., road type, speed limits). Obtain a digital map or acquire GIS data that includes the study area and road network. Ensure the data is in a compatible format for your GIS software (e.g., shapefile, geodatabase). Data Import and Preparation in GIS Software: Open your GIS software (e.g., ArcGIS, QGIS) and create a new project or map document. Import the road network data into your GIS software by adding the relevant layers. Check the data attributes and perform any necessary data cleaning or formatting. Network Analysis Tools: Access the network analysis tools provided by your GIS software. These tools may vary depending on the software you are using. Common network analysis tools include network routing, network tracing, network connectivity analysis, and