Factors in Soil Formation
Factors in Soil Formation 1. Climate : The two most important climatic variables influencing soil formation are temperature and moisture. · Temperature has a direct influence on the weathering of bedrock to produce mineral particles. Rates of bedrock weathering generally increase with higher temperatures. Temperature also influences the activity of soil microorganisms, the frequency and magnitude of soil chemical reactions, and the rate of plant growth. · Moisture levels in most soils are primarily controlled by the addition of water via precipitation minus the losses due to evapotranspiration . High moisture availability in a soil promotes the weathering of bedrock and sediments, chemical reactions, and plant growth. The availability of moisture also has an influence on soil pH and the decomposition of organic matter . 2. Topography : This refers to the landscape position and the slopes it has. Steep, long slopes mean water