Geography Study Materials and Hand-outs

  Terminology/Basic Questions  Related To GIS What is GIS Shapefile & Grids Vector & Raster DEM & TIN Coordinate Systems Classification of Coordinate Systems Other File Formats Raster or Vector ? DEM or TIN ? Other Basic Questions 1.1. GIS GIS      A  geographic   information   system  (GIS),  also  known  as  a geographical  information   system, is an information  system  for capturing, storing, analyzing, managing and presenting data  which are spatially referenced (linked to location) 1.2.Shape file & Grids Coverage   : In geographic  information  systems, a coverage  is a mapping of  one  aspect  of  data   in  space.  It  represents  a  "domain"  (the  universe  of extent)  in  terms  of   characteristics  expressing  a  range  of  values.  Aerial photography,   land  cover  data,  and   digital  elevation  models  are  all considered  coverage  data. Below are two types of coverage   which are used in GIS for representation of informat

Definition of GIS/ What is GIS Definition of GIS can be summed up as follows:  GIS stands for Geographic Information Systems and is a computer-based tool that examines spatial relationships, patterns, and trends in geography. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) store, analyze, and visualize data for geographic positions on Earth’s surface. Geographical Information System (GIS) is a computer based information system used to digitally represent and analyze the geographic features present on the Earth’s surface and the events that taking place on it. Geographic Information Systems provide a method for integrating and analyzing spatial (digital map based) information such as "where is the nearest Hospital?" Alongside related non-spatial information (what services are given there?). Many people are becoming far more familiar with seeing the results both textually - for example when their phone shows them the nearest Hotel - and on open map systems such as Google Maps. Geographic

Go to the link and download from one drive. It also contains guidelines and GIS data to getting started.  Download Link: GIS Tutorial , GIS DATA FOR PRACTICE

Go to the link and download from one drive. It also contains Guidelines and Instruction Download Link:  ESRI GIS. Getting Started with ArcGIS

CREATING GIS  Essentially, geographic information states what is where. So to create geographic information, we have to record these two elements somehow. They can be captured through many different types of observations, measurements and surveys. Data can be sourced from aerial photography, satellite images, field samples, land surveying, population censuses, global positioning systems (GPS) and government administrative records among others. How To Combine Geographic Information..? If we are combining a number of different geographic information themes together, they may be from different sources, in different formats and covering different study areas.Therefore, we need to use a system to deal with the disparate sources and organize them so that they can be combined. A Geographic Information System does just that It is a tool for the input of different geographical information themes so that they can be stored, organized, displayed and analyzed. It uses geography

What Is GIS Geographical Information System (GIS) is a computer based information system used to digitally represent and analyze the geographic features present on the Earth’s surface and the events that taking place on it. Geographic Information Systems provide a method for integrating and analyzing spatial (digital map based) information such as "where is the nearest Hospital?"  Alongside related non-spatial information (what services are given there?).  Many people are becoming far more familiar with seeing the results both textually - for example when their phone shows them the nearest Hotel - and on open map systems such as Google Maps.  GIS Capabilities/ Analysis with GIS Location: What is at a particular location...? Where is it….? Condition: identify a location where certain conditions exist..?  Trends: What has changed since...?  Patterns: What things are related..?  Modeling: What if…?  The Need for GIS: The real world has a