Geography Study Materials and Hand-outs

Perihelion and Aphelion According to Kepler's first law of planetary motion, all planets, comets, and asteroids in the Solar System have approximately elliptical orbits around the Sun. Hence, an orbiting body has a closest and a farthest point from its parent object, that is, a perihelion and an aphelion, known collectively as apsides. Orbital eccentricity measures the flatness (departure from a perfect circle) of the orbit. Perihelion The word "perihelion" stems from the Ancient Greek words "peri", meaning "near", and "helios", meaning "the Sun". The perihelion is the point in the orbit of a planet, minor planet, or comet, where it is nearest to its orbital focus, generally a star.   Aphelion "Aphelion" derives from the preposition "apo", meaning "away, off, apart". (The similar words "perigee" and "apogee" refer to the nearest and furthest points in some object's orbit around t

  Earth's Size The size of Earth, like the size of all of the celestial bodies, is measured in a number of parameters including mass, volume, density; surface area, mean diameter, and circumference . Earth's Shape Earth's circumference and diameter differ because its shape is classified as an oblate spheroid or ellipsoid, instead of a true sphere. This means that instead of being of equal circumference in all areas, the poles are squished, resulting in a bulge at the equator, and thus a larger circumference and diameter there. The equatorial bulge at Earth's equator is measured at 26.5 miles (42.72 km) and is caused by the planet's rotation and gravity. Gravity itself causes planets and other celestial bodies to contract and form a sphere. This is because it pulls all the mass of an object as close to the center of gravity (the Earth's core in this case) as possible. Because Earth rotates, this sphere is distorted by the centrifugal force. This is the fo

How to install ArcGIS 10.7? ArcGIS desktop 10.7 installation activation Go to the link and download from one drive. It also contains crack. Download Link:  Arc GIS 10.7 After downloading the software, follow the installation steps from the following  link how to install arcgis 10.6 / Arc GIS 10.7

Go to the link and download from one drive. It also contains guidelines and GIS data to getting started.  Download Link: GIS Tutorial , GIS DATA FOR PRACTICE

Go to the link and download from one drive. It also contains Guidelines and Instruction Download Link:  ESRI GIS. Getting Started with ArcGIS

There are various definitions for Demography from various perspective and point of view. It is part of Human Geography and can be defined as:- According to the Oxford Dictionary Demography is  the study of statistics such as births, deaths, income, or the incidence of disease, which illustrate the changing structure of human populations. According to the Webster Dictionary Demography is the statistical study of human populations especially with reference to size and density , distribution, and vital statistics. Again Cambridge Dictionary has defined demography the study of changes in the number of births, marriages, deaths, etc. in a particular area during a period of time. So, Demography  is the study of the size, composition and distribution of human population across space and the process through which  populations change. ** ‘ Big three’ phenomenon of demography  are : Births Deaths and  Migration   These three factors are jointly producing population stability or change. Demogr

Basic Topics Covered in Population Geography are as follows:- Demographic phenomena (natality, mortality, growth rates, etc.) through both space and time Increases or decreases in population numbers The movements and mobility of populations Occupational structure The way in which places in turn react to population phenomena, e.g. immigration The grouping of people within settlements The way from the geographical of places, e.g. settlement pattern.  All of the above are looked at over space and time. Population geography also studies human-environment interactions, including problems from those relationships, such as  overpopulation , pollution, and others. A few types of maps that show the spatial layout of population are choropleth, isoline, and dot maps. Source:  Population Geography