Geography Study Materials and Hand-outs

Urbanization refers to a process in which an increasing proportion of an entire population lives in cities and the suburbs of cities. Urbanization is closely linked to modernization, industrialization, and the sociological process of rationalization. Urbanization can describe a specific condition at a set time, i.e. the proportion of total population or area in cities or towns, or the term can describe the increase of this proportion over time. So the term urbanization can represent the level of urban relative to overall population, or it can represent the rate at which the urban proportion is increasing. Definition of Urbanization Urbanization, simply defined, is the shift from a rural to an urban society, and involves an increase in the number of people in urban areas during a particular year. Urbanization is the outcome of social, economic and political developments that lead to urban concentration and growth of large cities, changes in land use and transformation from rural ...

Planetary winds : These winds being controlled by the pressure belts, blow towards the same direction throughout the whole year. The planetary wind is of three types such as : the trade wind, the westerlies and the polar wind. So, in short, the characteristics of planetary winds are as follows: These winds being controlled by the pressure belts blow towards the same direction throughout the whole year.  Planetary winds are also known as permanent or prevailing winds  Blow from high to low pressure, over the earth surface & oceans throughout the year & in a particular direction  These winds are divided into 3 categories viz. Trade Winds (Tropical Easterlies) Westerlies Polar winds (Polar Easterlies) https://www.affairscloud.com/assets/uploads/2016/04/wind.png 1. Trade Winds (Tropical Easterlies) The sun’s rays fall vertically over the equatorial region, so the air becomes hot and goes upwards. Since the pressure is less upward, the ris...

Year back from now i was assigned  to read about South-east Asia and Its demographic characteristics by my course teacher. I tried to gather information through various search engines Of all the changes that swept Southeast Asia over the three decades since the formation of ASEAN, the transformation of population processes and trends have been among the most striking. Southeast Asia in 2002 had 8.6 % of the world’s population with 536 million people compared with 7.2% in 1950 (population Reference Bureau, 2002). The post-war period has seen the population of Southeast Asia increase almost three times. The period following the formation of ASEAN has seen the population of the region double from 253 million. The regions population growth rate peaked at 2.52 % annum in the late 1960s up from 1.92 % in the early 1950s and subsequently falling to 1.4 % in 2002 (UNESCAP). However, the changes in the size and growth of the population are only part of the story, and there have been...

The dependency ratio is the proportion of the economically dependent part of the population to the productive part. The dependency ratio tells us how many young people (under 16) and older people (over 64) depend on people of working age (16 to 64). The dependency ratio is worked out with this formula Bangladesh has 33.60% of its population less than 15, and 4.80% over 65. This makes 61.6% (100 - (33.60+4.80)) between the ages of 15 and 64. It is really alarming and unfortunate that more than half of the people of Bangladesh are dependent to the economically active people. There is a hope and hope is that the large numbers who were born in the 1960s to the 1980s are now becoming economically active and as a result, the dependency ratio is falling.

The average annual percent change in the population, resulting from a surplus (or deficit) of births over deaths and the balance of migrants entering and leaving a country. The rate may be positive or negative. Population growth rate of Bangladesh is 1.37 % (Source: BBS, population census, 2011). In comparison with other countries around the region, this growth rate level places Bangladesh at an intermediate position between the group of low rate countries (Thailand, SriLanka, Myanmar) and the group of medium rate countries (India, Malaysia) Population Growth Rate of Bangladesh since 1960                                                                                 Data Source: World Bank  Bangladesh had high rates of population growth in the 1960s and 1970s. Since then how...

Population density of Bangladesh Population density is a measurement of the number of people in an area. It is an average number. Population density is calculated by dividing the number of people by area. Population density is usually shown as the number of people per square kilometer. Bangladesh has the highest population density among large countries, 1,237.51 persons per square kilometer, and 12th overall, when small countries and city-states are included (Source: CIA world Fact Book: 2012) Sustained population growth has pushed the population density from 290 to 1237 people per square kilometer between 1950 and 2012. Population tripled during this period from 42 million to 149 million. Bangladesh's high population density is prevalent across the nation except in the mountainous Hill Tracts in the Southeast, the Sundarbans mangrove forests in the Southwest, and to a lesser degree the Sylhet area in the Northeast corner. Due to huge population size, the density o...

Create a new short integer field. Set the Parser to Python. Select Show Codeblock. Paste the following into the Pre-Logic Script Code:  rec=0 def autoIncrement(): global rec pStart = 1 pInterval = 1 if (rec == 0): rec = pStart else: rec += pInterval return rec 5. Paste the following code in the smaller box below the Pre-Logic Script Code:   autoIncrement() 6. Click OK.